चुनावी bond को वर्ष 2017 में एक वित्त विधेयक के माध्यम से पेश किया गया था।और इसे वर्ष 2018 में बीजेपी सरकार द्वारा लागू किया गया था । bond दानदाता को गुमनाम बनाए रखते हुए पंजीकृत राजनीतिक दलों को चंदा देने के लिए व्यक्ति और उन संस्थाओं के लिए एक मध्यस्थ का कार्य करता है। भारतीय स्टेट बैंक इसका अधिकृत जारी कर्ता है। भारतीय स्टेट बैंक की शाखाओं के माध्यम से चुनावी bond जारी किए जाते हैं।
राजनीतिक दल जो चुनावी बाॅण्ड खरीद सकते हैं -जन प्रतिनिधित्वअधिनियम 1951 के तहत पिछले आम चुनाव में वे राजनीतिक दल जिन्होंने लोकसभा अथवा विधानसभा के लिए डाले गए वोटो में से कम से कम एक प्रतिशत वोट प्राप्त किए हो चुनावी bond खरीद सकते हैं।
सरकार द्वारा चुनावी bond के निम्न फायदे बताए गए –
1.राजनीतिक दलों की फंडिंग में पारदर्शिता 2.धन के रूप में प्राप्त दान के उपयोग का खुलासा करने की जवाब देही
3.नगदी लेनदेन में कमी
4.दानदाता की गोपनीयता का संरक्षण परंतु क्यों ? दानदाता को लोकतंत्र में गोपनीय रहने की क्या आवश्यकता है ? विचार करने योग्य प्रश्न बनता है
सुप्रीम कोर्ट की पांच न्यायाधीशों की संविधान पीठ ने सर्व सम्मति से चुनावी bond और संबंधित संशोधन को असंवैधानिक करार दिया।
सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा कि चुनावी बाॅण्ड संविधान के अनुच्छेद 19 (1) (a)के तहत सूचना के अधिकार का उल्लंघन करते हैं
इस प्रकार 2017 से पहले की विधिक ढांचे को बहाल कर दिया गया है जिसके तहत लोक प्रतिनिधित्व अधिनियम 1951 के अनुसार राजनीतिक दलों को दानदाता के द्वारा ₹20000 से अधिक के दान का खुलासा करना अनिवार्य होगा।
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